Management of a deep bifurcation in a lower first premolar by perfect file
Mandibular premolars have been considered to be the most challenging teeth to be treated endodontically, especially when they present with multiple roots or canals. Their propensities for anomalous variations, narrow mesiodistal dimensions and the ensuing narrow access to canals, lack of visibility, and bifurcations and deltas are factors that further compound the difficulty for clinicians. Preoperative […]
Modification in canal preparation for long and narrow canals of lower first molar
Molar teeth exhibit more difficulty in canal preparation, due to more complexities in their root canal system. The situation becomes more complex when the roots are long, and even more difficult if they are narrow and calcified. Many iatrogenic complications may encounter if there was not a good appraisal of the case and a systematic […]
Endodontic retreatment of a maxillary second premolar with multiple shortcomings.
Knowledge of the root canal morphology and location of canals is important in a root canal treatment. Inability to locate and treat all the canals could lead to failure of a root canal treatment. For this purpose, first of all knowing the usual anatomies of all teeth and then their variations proves to be helpful. […]
Treatment of a C shaped canal of a mandibular second molar
Mandibular second molars are known to have a complex root canal anatomy with anastomosis, resulting in some difficulties during root canal treatment, especially for the complete debridement of organic tissues and bacteria during the shaping and cleaning process and the possibility of insuring a good 3-dimensional seal during obturation. The prevalence of such anatomy is […]
Managing a maxillary second molar with C shaped anatomy
For a more predictable root canal treatment, a good knowledge of root canal systems, their anatomy and variations, serves a vital role. A failure to identify and manage a varied anatomy could lead to failure of successful endodontic treatment. The “C- shaped” anatomy was first described by Cooke and Cox in 1979. It is named […]
Finding the MB2 - part 2
Finding the second buccomesial canal of the first maxillary molars called MB2 is a challenge for any dentist due to its localization and anatomy. The MB2 canal is usually located in a virtual line between the MB1 canal and the palatal canal, but its different positioning along this virtual line makes it even more difficult […]
Management of the complex anatomy of a lower first premolar
An accurate diagnosis of the morphology of the root canal system is crucial in order to obtain a successful root canal treatment. The prevalence of three canals with three separate foramina in mandibular premolars is very rare like in the case that will be shown in this report: one canal leaves the pulp chamber, and […]
Finding the MB2 - part 1
The famous MB2 canal, which has been studied extensively, has become so popular that it has become a common topic among dentists, especially endodontists. Many studies have shown that not finding and treating this canal has resulted in more endodontic failures. The methods that help in finding the second mesio buccal canal of maxillary molars […]
Deep bifurcation in the palatal canal of an upper molar
This clinical case shows the need of being very careful while we approach the palatal canal in Upper first molars, especially in the apical part . Of course some studies have reported the presence of two canals in palatal root, but in this case there is one canal with apical bifurcation. In this case I […]
Unusual anatomy in upper second molar
The hard tissue repository of the human dental pulp takes on numerous configurations and shapes. A thorough knowledge of tooth morphology, careful interpretation of angled radiographs, proper access preparation and a detailed exploration of the interior of the tooth are essential prerequisites for a successful treatment outcome. CBCT, Magnification and illumination are aids that must […]
Radix entomolaris: Management of vital pulp therapy failure
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) are those procedures carried out to maintain the dental pulp in a healthy condition, allowing to preserve its defensive function and sustaining its ability to form dentin in response to irritation. Despite the favorable outcomes of VPT, some complications might occur as a result of improper case selection or technical factors. […]
Below an old amalgam restoration. A case report
When removing large amalgam restorations we frequently observe that modifications have occurred in the pulp chamber, that often presents a diminished size, with a more difficult finding of the root canal openings. The use of ultrasonic tips, together with the knowledge of the anatomy, can help in finding the orifices without making iatrogenic damages.