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Supernumerary root in mandibular molars; prevalence, classification, diagnosis and management.

Finding mB2 can be challenging work. Usually, the entrance is covered with thick deposition of secondary dentin, which impede visualization. In clinical practice finding MB2 is of higher importance, while ignoring it can lead to apical periodontitis in vast majority of cases. We want to share more predictable searching method for easy detection of MB2.

Case report of the endodontic treatment of a mandibular first molar with radix entomolaris and middle mesial canal

Multi-rooted teeth in the upper arch can present diagnostic difficulties. Vitality testing can result in erratic response due to necrobiosis status of the pulp. The aid of CBCT scan to […]

This article clarifies how to to bend gutta-percha cone and preserve this bending even if the temperature of the body can straighten the master cone in deep apical splitting of the canals.

Maxillary molars have one of the most complex root canal anatomies. 
It is very important for this reason to correctly understand the anatomy before starting endodontic therapy. Correct planning starting from the diagnostic evaluation through the aid of x-rays and CBCT (if necessary) will allow the clinician to formulate a correct endodontic treatment plan and a correct choice of materials and equipment during the access cavity and cleaning and shaping and obturation steps. 


Mandibular first premolar usually have a one root and one root canal but it shows a wide variety of abnormal root canal anatomy.

The occurrence of three canaled mandibular first premolar with deep apical split  is very rare, but it does occur.

The incidence of a three-canaled mandibular first premolar is approximately 0.2%, making such teeth most difficult to manage endodontically.

As the complex anatomy of maxillary first molars is one of the major challenges in endodontic therapy, knowledge of the complicated root canal anatomy and configuration is crucial to ensure the success of endodontic treatment and prognosis. This article presents an endodontically managed maxillary first molar with special anatomy.

The main canals in the mesial root of lower molars are the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals.  A middle mesial canal (MMC) sometimes is present in the developmental groove between the […]

To obtain good results in endodontic treatment it is important to remove all microorganisms from root canal system, three dimensionally sealing and the placement of a good coronal seal to […]

     The purpose of root canal treatment is to clear pathogenic microbes and infected pulp in the root canal, prevent it from producing toxic products, and protect the periapical tissue. […]

The in-depth knowledge of root anatomy and its possible variations is absolutely fundamental for the long-term success of our therapies. Sometimes, despite the aid of strong surgical magnification and despite good anatomical knowledge, one may come across particular anatomies in an unpredictable way. A correct operating protocol can protect us from errors, giving us the way to correct them without consequences.