Our Articles & Clinical Cases

The maxillary second premolars are generally known to have a single root and one or two canals, with the most common canal configuration being one canal (Type I) or two canals merging into one (Type II or III).
However, a rare and noteworthy anatomical variation exists: the presence of three roots.
While this variation is more frequently seen in maxillary first premolars, three-rooted second premolars are uncommon and present unique clinical challenges. This article explores the prevalence, clinical implications, and endodontic management considerations for three-rooted upper second maxillary premolars.

Periapical lesions develop as a result of invasion of microorganisms or their toxins  from necrotic pulp tissue in the periapical tissue, leading to acute or chronic inflammation. It has been […]

Instrument separation is one of the most common complications encountered during root canal treatment. Although fracture of the instrument itself may not directly cause treatment failure, retained fragments within the […]

This approach focuses on retreating only the specific canal(s) associated with persistent infection or radiographic pathology, while leaving unaffected, well-obturated canals untouched.

It offers a minimally invasive alternative that preserves tooth structure, avoids unnecessary disruption of posts or restorations, and reduces treatment time and patient discomfort.

Selective retreatment requires precise diagnosis, careful case selection, and the use of modern technologies such as CBCT and magnification.

 Teeth discolorations can be extrinsic or intrinsic. The first type is usually caused by food, drinks, smoking and other substances that lead to the deposit of stains on the enamel. […]

A substantial portion of clinical dental practice comprises endodontic and restorative procedures. Among these, quadrant rehabilitation frequently presents as a common and complex clinical challenge. During quadrant rehabilitation, the replacement […]

External cervical resorption is often silent, yet treatment planning becomes complex when a subgingival lesion is close to the root canal space. In such cases, the clinical view may underestimate the defect. CBCT provides the information required to define the portal of entry, height, circumferential spread and relationship with the canal.

This case report presents the management of an asymptomatic tooth 44 in a 62-year-old female patient, diagnosed with a Patel 2A external cervical resorption lesion. Treatment combined surgical exposure, removal of fibrovascular resorptive tissue, adhesive repair of the defect and single-visit root canal treatment after identification of a second lingual canal.

Successful endodontic treatment relies on effective cleaning and shaping while preserving the original root canal anatomy. Heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments have enhanced the safety and predictability of root canal preparation, […]

Overextended root canal fillings beyond the apical foramen can lead to persistent symptoms and periapical inflammation. This article discusses a retreatment case involving a maxillary anterior tooth, where the previous gutta-percha obturation was extended beyond the apex. The case was managed using H-file mechanical removal and obturation with bioceramic putty. Radiographic images demonstrate pre- and post-treatment conditions with clear clinical resolution.

Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of an Open Apex with Pulp Necrosis

The joint workshop of the AAP (American Academy of Periodontology) and the EFP (European Federation of Periodontology) reaffirmed that positioning the restorative margin within the fibers of the supracrestal connective […]

Gemination in lower premolars is a very rare condition. This aspect makes it difficult to treat and it should be approached by an endodontist using a microscope to ensure proper debridement, disinfection and obturation.