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Pulp stones are defined as foci of calcifications that form within the pulp chamber, more frequently in the coronal pulp cavity and sometimes in radicular pulp space. In the year 1921, Norman and Johnson first mentioned about dental pulp calcifications and called them dental pulp nodules. These were later termed as denticles. Kronfeld and Boyle […]

Endodontic treatment major goal is to treat and prevent apical periodontitis. And this goal can be achieved through shaping and cleaning of the root canal systems to eliminate microorganisms. But beforehand, an entrance has to be prepared to gain access to the root canals. This access cavity undeniably is the first step of every endodontic […]

The access cavity must make the succeeding steps easier and safer. It must therefore meet the following requirements Permit the removal of all the chamber contents Permit complete, direct vision of the floor of the pulp chamber and the canal openings Facilitate the introduction of canal instruments into the root canal openings Provide access as […]

Clinicians are aware that, in endodontics, the access cavity phase is the first mandatory step to achieve the success of the therapy. A correct project, with the right instruments, allows a quicker and easier realization of the access.

Explora is a new flexible explorer designed by Style Italiano Endodontics that allow us to negotiate hidden canals especially, in the mesial orifices of the molars.

Missed Anatomy is one of the main causes of endodontic failure. The untreated root canal space represent a reservoir for bacteria and necrotic tissue that could be responsible for future failures of endodontic treatment. Among maxillary molars MB2 proven to be the most neglected canal during root canal treatment, inability to follow the rules and […]

Endodontic success often depends on canal debridement, disinfection, and canal obturation. Access to the canal is one key to debridement, in fact an appropriately designed access cavity assures unobstructed straight-line access to the apical third of the root canal. The endodontic treatment of maxillary incisors, especially the lateral incisors, was reported as the last successful […]

In the context of retreatments and re-access, very often it happens to perform a new endodontic therapy removing and sacrificing the old crown. The choice that the clinician must make in the presence of a pre-existing crown is related to a series of factors that can be summarized in the following diagram and were already […]

In the context of retreatments and re-access, sometimes it happens to perform a new endodontic therapy recovering the old prosthetic crown. A careful preoperative evaluation can allow the clinician to pick the best therapeutic choice and to address the wishes of the patient. The need to maintain the old prosthetic crown may arise from the […]

Access cavity preparation is considered as the most important step in the endodontic treatment protocol. Inability of the operator to visualize anatomical requirements of the preparation may end in aggressive mishaps which complicate the treatment procedures or compromise the ultimate treatment outcomes. Being the most important step in endodontic treatment course, access cavity preparations must […]

In the context of retreatments and re-access, it often happens to perform a new endodontic therapy dealing with the presence of a crown. A careful pre-operative evaluation can allow the clinician, according with the patient's wishes, to face the best therapeutic choice. The opportunities are, in fact, those related to the removal of the pre-existing […]