Search results

The second maxillary premolar  may have 1 to 3 roots: with one root canal in 75-96% of cases, with two root canals in 4-24% and three root canals in 0-1%. […]

Middle mesial canal (MMC) is an additional canal found in mandibular first molars. The knowledge of its presence and its detection, negotiation, disinfection and sealing plays paramount importance in the […]

As endodontists we often encounter retreatment cases with procedural errors such as canal blockages, ledges, instrument fractures and perforations.  The ledge is defined as an iatrogenic deviation from the original […]

The maxillary first molar typically exhibits complex root canal anatomy, commonly presenting with three roots—two buccal and one palatal. However, anatomical variations, such as the presence of a fourth root, […]

In retreatment cases , the clinician has to deal with many mishaps such as underfilled, missed and obstructed canals as also with iatrogenic damages as separated instruments and perforations. Underfilled […]

The clinician must be aware of the possible anatomical variations of these teeth and their relationship to adjacent anatomical structures when planning and performing endodontic procedures.

Root perforations were the second greatest cause of failure accounting for 9.62% of all unsuccessful cases. Seltzer et al. also attributed 3.52% of all endodontic failures to perforation. This perforation […]

Modern endodontic treatment is based on optimal cleaning,disinfection and high-quiality obturation of the root canal system.Anatomy is considered as a key factor in the healing process.That is why a clinician have to be aware of all normal,possible and abnormal variations in the teeth anatomy for achieving a maximum clinical success.In the article presents clinical example that demonstrate the complexity of endodontic retreatment of the maxillary left premolar

A 23 years old, female patient, was referred to my practice for an endodontic treatment on tooth 11. Patient complained of pain above the root and was concerned of the […]

Premolars are the most versatile teeth in regards of anatomy. One of the most challenging anatomical variations we have to face is dilaceration. Abrupt curvatures complicate the RCT especially when […]

A periapical pathology, could be a result of caries, trauma, periodontally compromised oral cavity or even a thermal and chemical insult to the tooth. Effective cleaning, shaping and disinfection is the key to a successful endodontic treatment. A deep understanding of the anatomy of a root canal system, is of high value while performing a non-surgical root canal treatment. We often come across mandibular premolars with aberrant root canal anatomies. They often present with multiple canals, splits and accessory canals.
This article describes a case of NSRCT of a mandibular premolar with 1-2 configuration and it presented with a big peri-apical radiolucency.

Dens invaginatus (DI) is one of the rare malformations of teeth which results from an infolding of the dental papilla during the development of teeth. This defect gives rise to a possible communication between the pulp and oral environment, thereby increasing the susceptibility to caries, pulpitis, and pulp necrosis.