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The purpose of this article is to explain all the phases to do in a correct way an apical plug. Today on the market there was a lot of material that perform wery well like MTA or Bioceramic material in putty consistency. It’s important to know not only the technique but also when it is […]

The final objective of endodontic treatment as described by Schilder in 1967 is ‘‘the total obturation of the root canal space’’ and since then many materials and techniques have been developed for obturating the radicular system (1). In the last decade, the development of bioceramic or calcium silicate-based (CSB) sealers has led to the re-introduction […]

In this article we are going to share how to manage an upper first molar in a predictable way for a long-term successful re-treatment.

Trauma or caries in young children or adolescents can cause pulp necrosis, which may arrest root development in permanent teeth. This in turn results in thin dentinal walls, wide-open apices or sometimes divergent configuration or reverse anatomy, and inadequate crown-root ratio. Treatment of necrosed permanent teeth with immature apices mainly revolves around Apexification and Regenerative […]

The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) Glossary of Endodontic Terms defines perforations as mechanical or pathological communications between the root canal system and the external tooth surface (2003). Root perforations are severe complications and are associated with compromised endodontic treatment outcomes, especially when bacterial infection is allowed to establish. Perforations may occur due to pathological […]

MTA has several desirable properties that makes it an excellent choice for apical plug formation .  Firstly , biocompatibility to the surrounding tissues . This is crucial for achieving successful healing .  Secondly , MTA has sealing capability when properly placed and condensed , it creates a tight seal , prevent the ingress of bacteria […]

Non-surgical root canal re-treatment is one of the most dental procedures that practitioners face in routine daily work. Though, it remains one of the most challenging procedures, as we are dealing with root canal complexities, different root filling materials, and most importantly, infection.

The root canal treatment of immature permanent teeth poses many challenges, one of which is the obturation technique. These teeth come with wide apices and sometimes even a divergent configuration (or reverse anatomy) in the apical third.  The difficulty in such cases is to avoid overextending the filling material into the periapical tissues. (1,2)  In […]

One of the main goals of Endodontic treatment is to prevent reinfection hence come the role of obturation and 3D sealing to root canal system to provide sufficient apical and coronal seal against bacterial re invasion. Root canal system is so complex, presence of anastomosis, isthmuses and lateral canals exhibit a challenge for the clinician […]

Cleaning and shaping root canals without sealing is not enough so Warm Vertical Compaction technique is the most useful technique to seal the root canal system  

Dens evaginatus (DE) is an unfrequent anomaly of the occlusal central groove or lingual ridge of the buccal cusp of posterior teeth described as an abnormal tubercle. Although its occurrence is rare, this entity is more prevalent in asian patients. Due to the anatomy of the tubercle (which contains pulp tissue), occlusal interferences can cause […]

During apical third compaction while using warm vertical obturation techniques , we need a smart plugger with perfect size to fit the small area apically without touching the root walls and perform efficient vertical compaction for the apical gutta-percha plug ,Thanks to the round and smooth edges of PREXO plugger that allow us to do […]