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A periapical pathology, could be a result of caries, trauma, periodontally compromised oral cavity or even a thermal and chemical insult to the tooth. Effective cleaning, shaping and disinfection is the key to a successful endodontic treatment. A deep understanding of the anatomy of a root canal system, is of high value while performing a non-surgical root canal treatment. We often come across mandibular premolars with aberrant root canal anatomies. They often present with multiple canals, splits and accessory canals.
This article describes a case of NSRCT of a mandibular premolar with 1-2 configuration and it presented with a big peri-apical radiolucency.

During a root canal treatment, sometimes we need to remove liquids from the canals, for example during the irrigation procedure, in cases with abundant drainage o before to dry the canals with paper points.
The use of a microcanula connected to the equipment could help us to aspirate inside the canals.
This can be useful even to remove materials from root canal.

Dens evaginatus (DE) is a relatively rare developmental anomaly that occurs more often in people of Asian descent than European descent. DE appears as a cusplike elevation of enamel, referred to as a tubercle, and is located in the central groove or on the buccal or lingual cusps of premolars or molars and the palatal […]

Radix Entomolaris (RE) is a major anatomical anomaly in the mandibular first molar represented by a third root that is located disto-lingually. The prevalence of RE is different in different populations; ranging from 3% in African people to even more than 40% in Mongolian traits (De Moor et al. 2004). Root canal treatment of lower […]

Root canal debridement and disinfection are a crucial phase of every endodontic therapy. Modern Endodontics has shifted towards conservative shapings, reducing the taper of the newest Ni-Ti instruments, but what about irrigation? Would this reduction in the volume of the preparation lead to an insufficient volume of irrigant, with a consequent failure of the therapy? […]

A case report with 10 months follow up showing the effect of good irrigation protocol on the final result of the root canal treatment.  The aim of root canal treatment is to prevent and treat apical periodontitis , with the objective of eliminating microorganisms and necrotic pulp through chemo-mechanical debridement, and providing an adequate root […]

The lower first right molar diagnosed with acute irreversible pulpitis. In this case we want to show the importance of activation of irrigation in Endodontics. Among the many activation methods here we have used the sonic activation method using sodium hypochlorite 2.5% with  sonic activation. At the end the tooth was restored with an Endocrown […]

The target of an endodontic treatment, is to prevent and intercept pulpal / periradicular pathosis, to conserve a tooth affected by pathosis and to prevent recontamination after the treatment. After careful examination and diagnosis, a treatment plan should be made for the patient which would be predictable. Case Report- Patient information – Age- 31 Gender- […]

From a recent Randomized clinical trial (Comparison of the Effect of Two Endodontic Irrigation Protocols on the Elimination of Bacteria from Root Canal System: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial) it was demonstrated that "there was no statistical difference between irrigation methods. Each protocol resulted in a high frequency of negative cultures. This high frequency of negative […]

IrriFlex® has appeared on the market to change our current irrigation protocols. Its main advantages like its flexibility, its ability to reach the apical part of the root canal system adapting to any curvature, its size and its simplicity to use it have made from this needle a revolution in disinfection if compared to traditional […]

Syringe irrigation remains a widely used irrigant delivery method during root canal treatment. Unfortunately in the apical region there is always a limited liquid exchange due to physical and mechanical reasons. It means that the chemical actions of our irrigants can be limited and ineffective. Can we make the irrigant apical exchange more predictable in […]

Negotiation, glide path, and preflaring are essential steps in root canal shaping. They always must be associated to a good debris removal in order to avoid accidental canal blockage or apical extrusion of debris. For this reason, a deep irrigation should be achieved since the first steps of a root canal treatment. Adequate cleaning, shaping, and […]