The endodontic ledge: causes and management
As endodontists we often encounter retreatment cases with procedural errors such as canal blockages, ledges, instrument fractures and perforations. The ledge is defined as an iatrogenic deviation from the original canal path that does not communicate with the periodontal ligament. The presence of a ledge prohibits the files from reaching the canal terminus, resulting in […]
Coronal Preflaring
After access cavity, Preflaring, Canal Scouting and Glyde Path are the first phases of canal instrumentation and it has also been noted that, during these phases, the clinician might more frequently encounter procedural difficulties. These problems include instrument fracture, ledge formation, canal zipping or canal straightening, strip perforation, apical perforation, elbow formation and apical blockage. […]