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A 30 years old female patient been referred to retreat her lower first molar patient was suffering from food packing in the area between  Molar and second premolar Clinical examination showed that there was very bad amlgam Restoration with missing walls Radiography examination show that the tooth was fully  calcified . So we start to treat this tooth Since people are living longer and […]

The Primary objective of endodontic treatments is treatment and/or prevention of apical periodontitis. To achieve this goal, the endodontist must be able to process all the case givens to reach a conservative and predictable treatment. This articles describes the decision making process in non-surgical retreatments of two mandibular molars throughout the endodontic workflow.

This is the story of an injured upper right later incisor. Due a surgical approach, a lateral incisor root has been accidentally cut in two parts. In this case the approach has been only to take time and check continuously vitality, eventual root resorption and crown color.

Various regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) protocols have been suggested with differences mainly in the disinfection technique used, intracanal medicaments, scaffold systems, and coronal filling materials. In order to reduce such variability, the American Association of Endodontists (2013) and European Society of Endodontology (2016) developed evidence based recommended protocols. These guidelines helped reduce some of the […]

Root canal system is a complex entity in itself. Success treatment of the root canal system depends upon the triad of thorough cleaning and shaping, disinfection & obturation up-to the calculated working length of the root canals. Failure to follow the Endodontology protocol can lead to failure of the endodontic treatment. Interpretation of a preoperative […]

One of the most undesirable situations for us dentists is the diagnosis of cracked teeth, as well as their treatment. This happens because diagnosing tooth micro-fractures, which are usually invisible (not even seen on the Xray), when they are below the level of the gums complicates our situation. If the crack reaches the pulp chamber […]

Understanding the interaction between endodontics and periodontics is of crucial importance to the clinician because of the challenges frequently encountered in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of combined endodontic–periodontal diseases. Treatment and prognosis of endodontic–periodontal diseases vary, depending on the etiology, pathogenesis and correct recognition of each specific condition. Therefore, understanding the interrelationship between […]

Apical surgery is an option for the management of endodontically-treated tooth with persistent periapical lesions or symptom/sign. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that 33–60% of endodontically-treated teeth still presented the pictures of apical periodontitis. The possible causes may be persistent primary infection, secondary infection after endodontic therapy, vertical root fracture or cemental tears. The success […]

It is reported that almost 40% of retreatment with chronic apical periodontitis or symptomatic apical periodontitis are due to missed canals. Karabucak & all reported in 2016 an overall incidence of missed canals in treated teeth to be 23.04% and 41 to 46% in maxillary first molars. Teeth with a missed canal were 4.38 times […]

During our daily treatments we often face different situations where many disciplines of dentistry intertwine with each other, in some treatments we have the need for secondary treatments. In this case what I am presenting to you as primary treatment is the endodontic treatment, while surgical and restorative treatments as secondary treatments. The patient comes […]

For invasive cervical resorption to occur and propagate, there must be a damage in the periodontal ligament and cementum in addition to a contributing factor(s) which is assumed to sustain the osteoclastic activity. Although the etiology of ICR is poorly understood in literature and there might be some etiological factors which have not yet been […]

Different types pf posts can be placed during restorative procedures; prefabricated ones such as the screw posts, the paraposts or more recently the ceramic post and fiber posts, or the anatomical post commonly called cast post and core. In cases of non surgical retreatment The removal of a post can be challenging depending on the […]