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Pulp calcifications are one of the main challenges faced by endodontic professionals. Pulp stones are defined as calcified foci that are observed in the coronal or, less frequently, radicular pulp cavity. They are found in the dental pulp of the teeth in primary and permanent dentition. These calcified struc­tures can be detected in the pulp […]

During primary treatment, even in simple cases, many root canal anatomy alterations and errors can occur such as access cavity over enlargement, perforations, blocage or file breakage. Sometimes, many iatrogenic issues combine and complicate the decision making. Central incisors retreatments are particular because of the esthetic aspect of these teeth that will motivate the practitioner […]

The main goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate the infection in the complex root canal system for the long-term preservation of a functional tooth. Proper debridement of the root canal system, especially in the apical portion, is essential for successful root canal treatment. The complexity of the canal anatomy in the apical region […]

Usually, first mandibular molars have one mesial and distal root but in some cases there are anatomical variations. Presence of an additional lingual root distally in mandibular molars is called radix entomolaris (RE). If present, an awareness and understanding of this unusual root and its root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. The article describes the endodontic management of mandibular molar with RE.

Retrieval along with Retreatment is one of the most challenging procedures in the endodontic therapy,  This article showcases the management of a lower first molar with swparatedinstrumemnt and a periapical lesion.  In Endodontics, we are dealing  with a lot of challenges such as anatomy, endodontic mishaps, instrument separation. One of the biggest challenges is an instrument retrieval […]

We know that treating a tooth involves different phases or stages, but it is important to know the internal anatomy, in order to approach the case in the best possible way. I present 2 cases in 1 where we can observe how complex a treatment can be if we cannot approach it correctly, a lower […]

The purpose of this clinical article is to highlight possible root canal treatment error due to a misinterpretation of root canal morphology using 2 dimensional digital X-rays (Peri Apical Xray) Patient presented to the clinic with shooting pain on his lower left side. Tooth 37 was diagnosed with a pulpits and root canal treatment was […]

A thorough and detailed knowledge of root canal anatomy is a crucial requirement for a successful endodontic treatment outcome. Due to each tooth singularity a vast number of morphological variations is possible. Such variations increase the difficulty in shaping, cleaning and filling the three dimensional root canal system.( Vertucci et al 2009).The anatomical characteristics of permanent […]

MTA is a bioactive cement that has gained immense popularity in endodontic treatments. It is composed of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and bismuth oxide.  MTA possesses unique characteristics that make it an ideal material for various dental procedures. These properties include exceptional sealing ability, biocompatibility, good marginal adaptation, as well as its ability to promote […]

Root resorption is a pathological process that may occur after surgical mechanical, chemical or thermal insult. Generally, it can be classified as internal and external root resorption. Depending on the diagnosis, biocompatible material like MTA can be used in management of these cases. General dental practitioners can face difficulties in diagnosis and treatment planning for […]

Most mandibular second molars are usually found to have two roots (76%) or one root (22%). The incidence of 3 roots anatomy in such teeth is considered a rare finding (less than 2% in some researches). The incidence of 3 rooted lower second molar with 4 separate canals is considered very rare.  This is a […]

The second maxillary premolar  may have 1 to 3 roots: with one root canal in 75-96% of cases, with two root canals in 4-24% and three root canals in 0-1%. Careful interpretation of preoperative radiographs is essential for providing insight into the number of existing root canals. In maxillary premolars with multiple roots and canals, […]